OPINION & ORDER
JAMES H. PAYNE, District Judge.
Before the Court in this ERISA action1 is Defendant BMI-HealthPlans, Inc.'s Motion for Summary Judgment (Docket No. 40, hereinafter "Motion for Summary Judgment"), Plaintiff Susan Wesson's Response thereto (Docket No. 51, hereinafter "Response"), and BMI-HealthPlans Inc.'s Reply to Plaintiff's Response (Docket No. 55, hereinafter "Reply"). For the reasons cited herein, BMI-HealthPlans, Inc.'s Motion for Summary Judgment is GRANTED.
FACTS
A. Undisputed Factual Background2
Throughout 2005 and 2008, the relevant years in this case, Plaintiff was an employee of Defendant Jane Phillips Medical Center ("JPMC"), and was a participant in JPMC's group health plan ("Plan"). See generally Admin. Rec."). Docket Nos. 32, 37, 64 (hereinafter "Admin. Rec."). In April 2005, Plaintiff underwent a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass weight loss surgery to treat obesity. See id. at 18-19. The 2005 bypass surgery was covered by the Plan and benefits were paid to the extent of the Plan's maximum lifetime treatment coverage of $15,000 for morbid obesity. Id. 15-16, 105. In 2008, Plaintiff experienced health problems such as depression, lack of appetite, acid reflux, inability to keep solid foods down, and weight loss. Id. at 18-19. Plaintiff sought treatment for these symptoms from her doctors and ultimately underwent two diagnostic/dilation procedures and surgery to repair an area of gastric stricture. See id. at 55-57, 69-70. The operative note from the July 2007 surgery states that the operation performed was a "[t]akedown of the gastrojejunostomy with reconstruction." Id. at 65.
Plaintiff sought coverage of these 2008 doctor visits and medical procedures by submitting health insurance claims to the Plan. See id. 3-13. Coverage was denied for the vast majority of the monetary value of these claims. See id. 15-16, 20. Both BMI HealthPlans, Inc. ("BMI"), the third-party "Plan Supervisor," and JPMC, the employer and Plan administrator, premised the denial of coverage on the Plan's $15,000 lifetime limit for medical services connected with morbid obesity and their determination that the 2008 procedures resulted from a complication of the original 2005 gastric bypass. See id. at 50, 89; see also id. at 96, 121-22 (identifying BMI as "Plan Supervisor" and referring to "Plan Supervisor" and "Plan Administrator" roles). Plaintiff disagrees, arguing instead that the gastric obstruction was caused by stress and resulting chronic acid reflux. See id. at 57. After Plaintiff's administrative remedies were exhausted (see id. at 89), she filed her claim in this court (see generally Complaint, Docket No. 2).
B. Procedural Background
Wesson filed her Complaint on August 31, 2009 in this court. See Docket No. 2. In the Complaint, Wesson states claims against all three defendants for (1) enforcement of ERISA benefits under the plan, and (2) breach of fiduciary duty. See id. at 6-7.
The initial3 Administrative Record was filed with this court on April 23, 2010. See Docket No. 32. Subsequent to the filing of the Administrative Record, Defendant BMI filed its Motion for Summary Judgment. See Docket No. 40. BMI argues that it is not a proper party to this lawsuit as a matter of law, because ERISA law does not allow plan participants to sue non-fiduciary third-party administrators of the plan. See Motion for Summary Judgment at 7-12, Docket No. 40; Reply at 1-3, Docket No. 55. Plaintiff argues in response that BMI has acted outside its authority granted by the Plan language and is therefore a de facto fiduciary of the plan. See generally Response, Docket No. 51. Thus, on this Motion for Summary Judgment, the court is presented with the issue of whether BMI is a fiduciary of the Jane Phillips Medical Center & Affiliates Employee Group Health Care Plan.
DISCUSSION
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56 provides the standard courts must use when determining whether summary judgment is proper. According to the rule, summary judgment should be granted "if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(a); David P. Coldesina D.D.S., v. Estate of Simper, 407 F.3d 1126, 1131 (10th Cir.2005) (citing Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986)).
The dispositive issue in this motion is whether BMI qualifies as an ERISA fiduciary, because 10th Circuit precedent holds that non-fiduciary third parties cannot be sued for the recovery of benefits under ERISA. See Geddes v. United Staffing Alliance Emp. Med. Plan, 469 F.3d 919, 931 (10th Cir.2006) (citing cases in accord from 7th, 9th, 3d, and 6th Circuits). It is undisputed that under the language of the Plan, BMI is not intended to be a fiduciary. See Admin. Rec. at 121 (Plan language: "At no time will the Plan Supervisor act as a fiduciary of the plan or make decisions outside the Plan."); see also Motion for Summary Judgment at 8, Docket No. 40 (quoting language from Plan that BMI not intended to be fiduciary); Response at 2, ¶ 4, Docket No. 51 ("Wesson does not dispute that the language appears in the Plan, but does dispute that BMI acted in accordance with Plan language"). On its face, this fact militates in favor of granting summary judgment. However, Plaintiff argues against summary judgment by alleging that "[d]espite its formal title under the Plan, BMI acts as a de facto plan administrator and, both as a plan supervisor and/or de facto administrator, had a duty to comply with ERISA, and breached such duty." Response at 4, Docket No. 51. This allegation includes only one legitimate basis for BMI's vulnerability to suit, and that is Plaintiff's argument that BMI was a de facto fiduciary.4
Indeed, one must not be a "named fiduciary" under an ERISA plan to acquire fiduciary status. If a party assumes fiduciary obligations or exercises fiduciary functions, fiduciary status can be imputed under ERISA law, making that party a de facto5 fiduciary. In re Luna, 406 F.3d 1192, 1201 (10th Cir.2005) (citing Mertens v. Hewitt Assocs., 508 U.S. 248, 262, 113 S.Ct. 2063, 124 L.Ed.2d 161 (1993) ("ERISA ... defines `fiduciary' not in terms of formal trusteeship, but in functional terms of control and authority over the plan....")). Thus, plaintiff's rebuttal is legally cognizable; despite the clear and contrary language of the Plan, BMI could be an ERISA fiduciary and therefore a proper party to this case. Accordingly, the court will proceed to the issue whether BMI is an ERISA fiduciary, the determination of which "is a mixed question of fact and law." Coldesina, 407 F.3d at 1131 (citing Hamilton v. Carell, 243 F.3d 992, 997 (6th Cir.2001)). First the law will be considered, followed its application to the facts.
To determine whether a party has become a de facto fiduciary, courts consult the ERISA statute and regulations. ERISA Section 3(21)(A) provides:
... [A] person is a fiduciary with respect to a plan to the extent (i) he exercises any discretionary authority or discretionary control respecting management of such plan or exercises any authority or control respecting management or disposition of its assets, (ii) he renders investment advice for a fee or other compensation, direct or indirect, with respect to any moneys or other property of such plan, or has any authority or responsibility to do so, or (iii) he has any discretionary authority or discretionary responsibility in the administration of such plan.
29 U.S.C. § 1002(21)(A) (emphasis supplied). ERISA regulations elaborate on Section 3(21)(A) by providing various examples of functions that do not create fiduciary status, including in relevant part:
(1) Application of rules determining eligibility for participation or benefits;
(2) Calculation of services and compensation credits for benefits;
(3) Preparation of employee communications material;
...
(6) Calculation of benefits;
...
(8) Collection of contributions and application of contributions as provided in the plan;
(9) Preparation of reports concerning participants' benefits;
(10) Processing of claims; and
(11) Making recommendations to others for decisions with respect to plan administration.
See 29 C.F.R. § 2509.75-8, D-2. ERISA and its regulations thus create a dividing line between certain services considered to be fiduciary and others that are merely ministerial.
The Tenth Circuit distinguished between fiduciary and ministerial actions in David P. Coldesina, D.D.S. v. Estate of Simper. Guided by ERISA Section 3(21)(A), the court stated,
Plan management or administration confers fiduciary status only to the extent the party exercises discretionary authority or control. Discretion exists where a party has the "power of free decision" or "individual choice." On the other hand, non-discretionary or ministerial functions are those that do not require individual decisionmaking. These include tasks which by their nature are inherently ministerial, such as clerical services. They also include those tasks that might otherwise require discretion but which are performed within the confines of plan policies and procedures.
407 F.3d at 1132 (internal citations omitted) (first emphasis original; second emphasis supplied).
The court must now apply this law to the facts of the case to determine whether BMI operated as a fiduciary of Jane Phillips Medical Center & Affiliates Employee Group Health Care Plan. Plaintiff's Response appears to argue that, pursuant ERISA Section 3(21)(A)(iii), BMI is a fiduciary because has discretionary authority or responsibility in the administration of the plan. See Response at 4-5, Docket No. 51. Yet Plaintiff cites nothing in the Administrative Record or otherwise to support this allegation.6
Looking to the facts as demonstrated by the Administrative Record, it does not affirmatively appear that BMI exercised any discretionary authority or responsibility as described in ERISA Section 3(21)(A). However it does appear that BMI undertook many of the non-fiduciary actions described in 29 C.F.R. § 2509.75-8. For example, the claims forms submitted by Plaintiff (Admin. Rec. at 3-13) demonstrate that BMI participated in processing claims, which is a non-fiduciary function listed at § 2509.75-8 at D-2(10). Further, the claims payment printouts (Admin. Rec. at 15-16) demonstrate that BMI undertook the non-fiduciary functions of calculating services and benefits, preparing reports regarding plan benefits, and processing claims (§ 2509.75-8 at D-2(2, 9, 10, respectively)).
The "explanation of benefits" letters provided to Plaintiff (Admin. Rec. at 163-180) and Plaintiff's initial request for review by BMI (Admin. Rec. 18-50) likewise do not show any fiduciary functions were undertaken by BMI. While these documents demonstrate that BMI was granted authority to apply the Plan rules to determine eligibility for benefits and the processing of claims (§ 2509.75-8 at D2 (1, 10, respectively)), such action is insufficient to demonstrate that BMI had any discretionary authority or control over plan administration. As the Tenth Circuit noted, even "tasks that might otherwise require discretion but which are performed within the confines of plan policies and procedures" are ministerial and non-fiduciary functions. David P. Coldesina, D.D.S. v. Estate of Simper, 407 F.3d 1126, 1132 (10th Cir. 2005) (citing IT Corp. v. Gen. Am. Life Ins. Co. 107 F.3d 1415, 1420 (9th Cir.1997) (quoting 29 C.F.R. § 2509.75-8 at D-2)). Simply put, whether or not the EOB forms and initial appeal to BMI were completed in strict accordance with ERISA requirements,7 there is no evidence in these documents that BMI exercised any fiduciary authority over the Plan.
This finding is buttressed by the communication between BMI and JPMC, which demonstrates that both parties considered JPMC to be the discretionary authority with regard to the application and interpretation of benefits. In the E-Mail exchange between BMI and JPMC representatives regarding Plaintiff's final appeal of the denial of benefits, BMI acts as a fact-finder by gathering information and medical records and evaluations. See Admin. Rec. at 82-87. BMI twice requests the JPMC representative to make the final determination as to whether Plaintiff's claims fall within Plan coverage. Id. at 82-83 (BMI representative addresses JPMC representative, "Once you make your determination ...." and "Once the Plan has made a decision ....") (emphasis supplied). These statements support the court's conclusion that BMI was not exercising fiduciary authority or control over the administration of the Plan. Despite Plaintiff's conclusory claims to the contrary, BMI appears to have acted within the confines of Plan policies and procedures when processing Plaintiff's claims, which is a non-fiduciary action. See 29 C.F.R. § 2509.75-8 at D-2(10); Coldesina, 407 F.3d at 1132.8
Therefore, based on the court's own thorough review of the undisputed Administrative Record,9 the court finds no evidence that BMI is a de facto fiduciary.10 Because BMI is a non-fiduciary third-party administrator of the Plan, it cannot be sued for the recovery of benefits under ERISA. Geddes v. United Staffing Alliance Emp. Med. Plan, 469 F.3d 919, 931 (10th Cir.2006). It follows that because BMI is not a fiduciary of the Plan, it cannot be held liable for breach of fiduciary duty as a matter of law. The court finds that there is no genuine issue of material fact and BMI is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
CONCLUSION
Therefore, BMI's Motion for Summary Judgment is GRANTED.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
